Bihar, a state in eastern India, is endowed with a network of rivers that play a significant role in shaping its geography, economy, and culture. The rivers of Bihar are not only a source of livelihood for millions of people but also hold religious and historical significance. Here’s a detailed note about the major rivers of Bihar:
Ganges (Ganga)
- The Ganges, one of the most sacred rivers in Hinduism, flows through the northern and central regions of Bihar.
- It enters Bihar near Buxar and flows through cities like Patna, Hajipur, and Bhagalpur before leaving the state.
- The Ganges is crucial for agriculture and supports a large population of fishermen.
- Many religious festivals and rituals are centered around the Ganges, and it is considered a symbol of purity and spirituality.
Sone River:
- The Sone River is one of the largest tributaries of the Ganges, originating in the Maikal Hills of Chhattisgarh.
- It flows through southwestern Bihar, covering cities like Rohtas, Aurangabad, and Patna, before merging with the Ganges.
- The Sone River is important for irrigation, providing water to the agricultural fields in the region.
Kosi River:
- The Kosi River, also known as the “Sorrow of Bihar,” originates in Tibet and flows through Nepal before entering Bihar.
- It is notorious for its frequent floods and changing course, leading to devastation and displacement of communities.
- The Kosi Barrage, near Bhimnagar, plays a crucial role in flood control and irrigation.
Gandak River:
- The Gandak River originates in the highlands of Nepal and enters Bihar near Sonpur.
- It flows through the northern districts of Bihar, including Muzaffarpur and Vaishali, before merging with the Ganges.
- The Gandak River is essential for agriculture and supports a thriving agrarian economy in the region.
Mahananda River:
- The Mahananda River is a transboundary river, originating in the Himalayas in Nepal and flowing through the northern parts of Bihar.
- It forms the border between Bihar and West Bengal and eventually merges with the Ganges in West Bengal.
- The river provides water for irrigation and is important for fishery and wildlife in the region.
Punpun River:
- The Punpun River is a tributary of the Ganges and originates in the Gaya district of Bihar.
- It flows through several districts in central Bihar, including Gaya, Aurangabad, and Patna.
- The river is essential for irrigation and agriculture in the region.
Falgu River:
- The Falgu River, also known as Phalgu, is a small tributary of the Ganges that flows through the Gaya district.
- It holds religious significance for Hindus and Buddhists due to its association with the Mahabodhi Temple and the enlightenment of Lord Buddha.
The rivers of Bihar are lifelines for the state, providing water for agriculture, transportation, and religious rituals. However, they also pose challenges, such as floods and changing courses, which require effective management and infrastructure development to harness their potential while mitigating risks.
