101. What is the primary focus of Section 46 of the IT Act?
a) Adjudication of cybercrimes
b) Penalties for identity theft
c) Blocking unlawful content
d) Regulating e-commerce practices
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Answer: a) Adjudication of cybercrimes
Explanation: Section 46 provides for the appointment of adjudicating officers to handle disputes related to cybercrimes and penalties for violations under the IT Act.
102. Which section deals with the authentication of electronic records?
a) Section 3
b) Section 6
c) Section 10A
d) Section 69
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Answer: a) Section 3
Explanation: Section 3 specifies that authentication of electronic records is carried out using digital signatures or electronic signatures.
103. Under which section can the government prescribe security measures for critical information infrastructure?
a) Section 70A
b) Section 70B
c) Section 43
d) Section 69
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Answer: a) Section 70A
Explanation: Section 70A authorizes the Central Government to designate critical information infrastructure and prescribe security practices for its protection.
104. What is the key purpose of Section 79?
a) To define penalties for data breaches
b) To provide intermediary liability protection
c) To regulate the use of digital signatures
d) To monitor public electronic records
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Answer: b) To provide intermediary liability protection
Explanation: Section 79 offers conditional exemption to intermediaries from liability for third-party information, provided they exercise due diligence and act promptly upon receiving complaints.
105. Which section of the IT Act provides legal recognition for contracts formed through electronic means?
a) Section 10A
b) Section 4
c) Section 67C
d) Section 8
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Answer: a) Section 10A
Explanation: Section 10A ensures that contracts formed electronically are legally valid and enforceable, just like traditional paper contracts.
106. Under which section can the government issue directions for interception of communication?
a) Section 69
b) Section 43
c) Section 66F
d) Section 72A
Show Answer
Answer: a) Section 69
Explanation: Section 69 empowers the government to intercept, monitor, or decrypt communications in the interest of national security, public order, or preventing criminal activities.
107. What is the purpose of Section 70B?
a) Blocking offensive content
b) Protecting privacy of individuals
c) Establishing the Indian Computer Emergency Response Team (CERT-In)
d) Defining the role of intermediaries
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Answer: c) Establishing the Indian Computer Emergency Response Team (CERT-In)
Explanation: Section 70B establishes CERT-In as the nodal agency responsible for responding to cybersecurity incidents and protecting India’s cyber infrastructure.
108. Which Supreme Court case discussed the scope of intermediary liability under Section 79?
a) Shreya Singhal v. Union of India
b) Puttaswamy v. Union of India
c) Google India Pvt. Ltd. v. Visaka Industries
d) Anvar P.V. v. P.K. Basheer
Show Answer
Answer: c) Google India Pvt. Ltd. v. Visaka Industries
Explanation: In Google India Pvt. Ltd. v. Visaka Industries (2020), the Supreme Court interpreted the scope of intermediary liability under Section 79 and clarified due diligence obligations.
109. Which section prescribes penalties for sending offensive messages through communication service?
a) Section 66A
b) Section 66C
c) Section 72
d) Section 67A
Show Answer
Answer: a) Section 66A
Explanation: Although Section 66A penalized sending offensive messages, it was declared unconstitutional by the Supreme Court in Shreya Singhal v. Union of India (2015).
110. Which provision deals with the protection of personal data during its collection and retention by corporate bodies?
a) Section 43A
b) Section 72A
c) Section 67C
d) Section 66
Show Answer
Answer: a) Section 43A
Explanation: Section 43A mandates corporate bodies to implement reasonable security practices to safeguard personal data during its collection, retention, and processing.
111. What is the punishment for publishing private images of individuals under Section 66E?
a) Imprisonment up to 3 years or fine up to ₹2 lakh, or both
b) Imprisonment up to 2 years or fine up to ₹1 lakh, or both
c) Imprisonment up to 5 years or fine up to ₹5 lakh, or both
d) Imprisonment up to 7 years or fine up to ₹10 lakh, or both
Show Answer
Answer: a) Imprisonment up to 3 years or fine up to ₹2 lakh, or both
Explanation: Section 66E penalizes the act of capturing, publishing, or transmitting private images of individuals without their consent.
112. Which section of the IT Act is relevant to cyber terrorism?
a) Section 66F
b) Section 69A
c) Section 67
d) Section 70
Show Answer
Answer: a) Section 66F
Explanation: Section 66F deals with cyber terrorism, prescribing stringent penalties, including life imprisonment, for acts threatening national security.
113. What is the role of the Cyber Appellate Tribunal as per Section 48?
a) Handling appeals against orders of adjudicating officers
b) Monitoring compliance with privacy regulations
c) Penalizing intermediaries for negligence
d) Establishing cybersecurity policies
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Answer: a) Handling appeals against orders of adjudicating officers
Explanation: Section 48 empowers the Cyber Appellate Tribunal to adjudicate appeals arising from decisions of adjudicating officers under the IT Act.
114. What is the maximum penalty for non-compliance with CERT-In directions under Section 70B?
a) ₹1 crore
b) ₹50 lakh
c) ₹5 lakh
d) ₹10 lakh
Show Answer
Answer: c) ₹5 lakh
Explanation: Section 70B imposes a maximum penalty of ₹5 lakh for failure to comply with directions issued by CERT-In for cybersecurity measures.
115. Which section addresses compensation for failure to protect sensitive personal data?
a) Section 43A
b) Section 72
c) Section 67C
d) Section 66C
Show Answer
Answer: a) Section 43A
Explanation: Section 43A provides for compensation to individuals affected by a corporate body’s failure to protect sensitive personal data.
116. Under which section can authorities seize electronic devices during an investigation?
a) Section 80
b) Section 69A
c) Section 70
d) Section 67B
Show Answer
Answer: a) Section 80
Explanation: Section 80 authorizes designated officers to search premises and seize electronic devices involved in cyber offenses without a warrant under certain conditions.
117. Which section of the IT Act is concerned with penalties for publishing sexually explicit content?
a) Section 67A
b) Section 66E
c) Section 67B
d) Section 69
Show Answer
Answer: a) Section 67A
Explanation: Section 67A penalizes publishing or transmitting sexually explicit content in electronic form, prescribing imprisonment and fines.
118. What is the key purpose of Section 10 in the IT Act?
a) Attribution of electronic records
b) Legal validity of e-signatures
c) Blocking public access to sensitive content
d) Regulating intermediary liability
Show Answer
Answer: a) Attribution of electronic records
Explanation: Section 10 specifies how an electronic record can be attributed to a person based on their actions or authorization.
119. Which section deals with the protection of intellectual property rights in cyberspace?
a) Section 66C
b) Section 63 of the Copyright Act
c) Section 67A
d) Section 79
Show Answer
Answer: b) Section 63 of the Copyright Act
Explanation: Although the IT Act does not directly address intellectual property, Section 63 of the Copyright Act deals with violations in cyberspace, complemented by intermediary liability under Section 79 of the IT Act.
120. What is the role of Section 72 in the IT Act?
a) Protecting user privacy
b) Penalizing unauthorized disclosure of information
c) Monitoring public data
d) Defining e-commerce regulations
Show Answer
Answer: b) Penalizing unauthorized disclosure of information
Explanation: Section 72 penalizes individuals who disclose confidential information obtained during the exercise of powers under the IT Act without authorization.
