Climate of Bihar

Bihar, a state located in the eastern part of India, experiences a diverse climate that can be broadly categorized into three main seasons: summer, monsoon, and winter. Here’s a detailed note about the climate of Bihar:

Summer (March to June):

• The summer season in Bihar is characterized by hot and dry weather.
• It typically begins in March and continues until June, with temperatures gradually rising over this period.
• Maximum temperatures can soar to around 40-45°C (104-113°F) during the peak of summer, especially in the northern and western parts of the state.
• The southern regions tend to be slightly cooler, but it can still get quite hot.
• The heat during the summer can be intense, and people often experience discomfort due to high temperatures and dry conditions.
• This season is marked by the prevalence of dry winds and a lack of rainfall.

Monsoon (July to September):

• The monsoon season in Bihar is a significant relief from the scorching summer heat.
• Monsoon typically arrives in the state in early July and continues until September.
• During this season, Bihar receives the majority of its annual rainfall, with an average annual precipitation of around 1,205 mm.
• The southern and eastern regions generally receive more rainfall than the northwestern parts of the state.
• The monsoon brings cooler temperatures and increased humidity, providing much-needed relief to the people and the agricultural sector.
• However, excessive rainfall can sometimes lead to flooding, particularly in low-lying areas and along the banks of rivers like the Ganges and Kosi.

Winter (October to February):

• The winter season in Bihar is relatively short but pleasant, lasting from October to February.
• During this time, the state experiences a gradual drop in temperature, with cooler nights and milder daytime temperatures.
• The maximum temperatures in winter typically range from 20°C to 25°C (68-77°F), while minimum temperatures can drop to around 5°C to 10°C (41-50°F).
• The air is relatively dry, and clear skies are common during the winter months.
• Winter is an ideal time for outdoor activities, festivals, and tourism in Bihar, as the weather is generally comfortable.

Bihar’s climate is influenced by its geographical location and topography. The state is situated in the northern part of the Indian subcontinent and experiences a subtropical climate with distinct seasons. The Ganges and its tributaries also play a role in the climate by moderating temperatures and influencing weather patterns.

The state’s climate is a critical factor in its agriculture and economy, as the monsoon is crucial for crop cultivation, and the winter season provides suitable conditions for various agricultural activities. However, the state also faces challenges like floods during the monsoon, which require effective management and infrastructure development to ensure the well-being of its people and sustainable development.